Interested areas – Page 2

Some notes about ITO

Indium tin oxide (ITO) is tin-doped In₂O₃, a n-type wide-bandgap heavily doped (or degenerate) semiconductor with certain metal-like properties. Therefore it is a transparent conductor, and broadly used in variety of industries.

Optical path for reflection/transmission measurement in Perkin Elmer spectrophotometer

The following figure from Perkin Elmer shows the optical path for transmission and reflection measurements using an integrating sphere.

Low-E glass basics

Low-emissivity (low-E) technology is broadly adopted to develop cost-effective, energy-efficient Low-E glass for buildings and vehicles.

Color and measurement (ASTM E1164)

The color of an object is determined by illuminant (light source), object, and observer (detector, eyes).

Laser ablation mechanisms

There are two mechanisms to explain laser ablation process: Classical beam-matter interaction mechanism for micro- and nano-second pulse laser ablation and two temperature mechanism for pico-and femto-second pulse laser ablation.

Laser ablation

In the publication of Brian Q, et al., Optics and Laser Technology (2012), the authors reported a laser ablation method to pattern ITO film on a glass substate for the solar cell fabrication.

Al Vs Cu

Traditionally, IC interconnects formed from Al; however due to scaling and performances needs, Copper is gradually replacing Aluminum.

Deep reactive ion etching (DRIE)

Deep receive ion etching (DRIE) include two process: Bosch process and Cryogenic process (Reference 1).

Dry etching

It is difficult for wet etching to achieve good anisotropy in fabrication; therefore dry etching is adopted to solve this problem.

Wet etching

Etching is an important step in the fabrication of semiconductor devices and other similar process. It includes wet etching, a solution based method, and drying etching, based on vacuum process typically.