Polymer foams

Polymers foams are widely used in a variety of applications, e.g. heat/water/air insulation, impact cushion, vibration absorption. Major foam materials are polyurethane (PU), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), polycarbonate (PC); the order is roughly based on the amount of annual consumption.

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A method to reduce nodules on ED copper foil

ED copper foil is broadly used in Li-ion battery and printed circuit boards in electronics industry. However, nodules are commonly observed on the surface of ED copper foil made through a conventional electro-deposition method. Patent of US 9,562.298 B2 teaches a new way to reduce the number of the nodules on the surface.

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Paper making

Paper making can be trace back long time ago. I did notice there is a saying that Egyptians first invented paper; however based on the education I received, it is a Chinese named Cai Lun who invented paper at the time around 100 AD. Anyway, modern paper making is much more complicated and different from these ancient process. The following is a short history of paper making.

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